Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are high-energy particles that originate outside the solar system and travel through the galaxy. As GCRs journey through space, they encounter the heliosphere, which is dominated by the solar wind and the Sun’s magnetic field, and are subsequently modulated. CSES-02 orbit will extend over the polar caps, allowing for the detection of low-energy galactic cosmic rays.
Understanding the solar modulation of GCRs is crucial for several reasons. It aids in studying the fundamental processes of cosmic ray propagation and their interaction with the heliosphere. Additionally, it has practical implications for space missions safety, as the increased GCR flux during solar minimum can pose a higher radiation risk. The CSES missions will cover almost a full solar cycle, providing the opportunity to reconstruct GCR differential spectra and their time variability.
The physics of CSES extends beyond the boundaries of our Galaxy. As already demonstrated by CSES-01, the instruments on board the satellite can detect Gamma Ray Bursts, over extended energy ranges. CSES-02 will be an excellent GRB monitor, in addition to the series of gamma ray burst monitors operating in space.
Artistic impression of the extragalactic sky
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